Revolutionizing Autoimmune Disease Management: Cutting-Edge Immunotherapeutic Strategies and Emerging Therapeutic Paradigms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64261/txxhnb84Keywords:
Autoimmune disease, CRISPR/Cas9, Myasthenia gravis, Immunotherapy, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritisAbstract
Autoimmune diseases are diseases that occur due to the breakdown in the immunity and causes the immune system to destroy tissues in the body as a consequence of biological malfunction in the immune system. The advances of the immunology and of the cellular engineering are turning the field to an area of precision immunotherapy, which will likely result in the revival of the long-term immunity tolerance. CAR-T cell therapy which was developed to treat cancer including autoreactive B cell (e.g., CD19+) has also been demonstrated effective in refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Myasthenia Gravis. Rather than immunosuppressing B cells worldwide, more specific Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor T cells eliminate B cells that secrete pathogenic autoantibodies. Parallel solutions- such as Regulatory T cell therapy and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells- work towards induction of antigen-specific tolerance and new modalities such as biomaterial-based immunomodulation, antigen delivery, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, and immune checkpoint agonists open up treatment options. It is estimated that the use of artificial intelligence and multi-omics in the sphere of precision medicine will allow predicting diseases, endotype, and treatment depending on the biomarkers. The next-generation interventions, including scalable allogeneic CAR-T/CAR-NK cells, combination therapy, and real-time immune surveillance have a massive potential of transforming the AID therapy towards curative immune restoration, rather than chronic symptom management due to challenge of cytokine release syndrome, long-term safety, low-cost, and barrier to implementation.
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