Role of the TP53 Gene in Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64261/jfm7yz13Keywords:
TP53 gene, p53 protein, cancer progression, tumor suppression, gene mutation, apoptosis, targeted therapyAbstract
TP53 gene is an important tumor suppressor gene that is central to ensuring genomic stability and inhibit cancer development. It also codes the p53 protein, which is a transcription factor that controls vital cellular functions like cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and senescence. In healthy physiological states, p53 is a kind of protective system against genetic damage by inhibiting the development of abnormal cells. Nevertheless, one of the most frequent genetic changes in a large number of human malignancies is the mutation or inactivation of the TP53 gene resulting in the loss of its tumor-repressive properties. This review focuses on the structural and functional aspects of the TP53 gene, highlighting its role in regulating cellular homeostasis and safeguarding genomic integrity. It also focuses on how TP53 mutations promote cancer development, such as unregulated cell growth, apoptosis resistance, and increased metastatic capabilities. The review further addresses the different treatment interventions that address TP53, including gene therapy, small molecule drugs, and novel interventions, including CRISPR-based gene editing and immunotherapy. Nevertheless, issues like diversity of mutations, drug resistance, and limits to delivery still exist. Thus, further studies are necessary to come up with more effective targeted therapies using TP53 and enhance clinical outcomes in cancer treatment.
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