Teenage pregnancy and Stunting: Evidence from the 2022 Kenya Demographic and Health SurveyFactors associated with stunting among under-five children of teenage mothers: Evidence from the 2022Kenya Demographic and Health Survey
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Abstract
Background:
Children born to adolescent mothers face heightened risk of chronic undernutrition due to the combined effects of
maternal biological immaturity, limited nutritional reserves, and socioeconomic disadvantage. Despite Kenya's
persistently high burden of childhood stunting, evidence specific to this vulnerable maternal-child dyad remains
limited. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of stunting among children born to adolescent mothers
aged 15–19 years in Kenya.
Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 815 adolescent mother–child pairs. Socio-demographic and
child characteristics were summarized descriptively, and bivariate associations between stunting and selected
maternal and child factors were examined using chi-square tests. Modified Poisson regression with robust variance
was used to estimate crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR and aPR) with 95% confidence intervals.
Results:
Nearly one in four children (23.3%, 95% CI: 19.7–27.4%) was stunted. Bivariate analysis showed significant
associations between stunting and maternal education (p = 0.004) and child age (p < 0.001), with stunting rising
from 14.3% among infants under six months to 36.8% among children aged 24 months and older. In the adjusted
model, child age emerged as the only independent predictor of stunting: children aged 24 months and older had
nearly three times the prevalence of stunting compared with those under six months (aPR = 2.71; 95% CI:
1.67–4.39; p < 0.001), while other maternal and household factors were not independently associated with the
outcome.
Conclusion:
Stunting affects a substantial proportion of children born to adolescent mothers in Kenya, with risk increasing
sharply after infancy. These findings point to the complementary feeding period (6–24 months) as a critical
window for nutrition interventions targeting this high-risk population, particularly within adolescent maternal and
child health programs.
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