Decoding the Complexity of COPD, Multi – Omics approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64261/s36w6x72Keywords:
COPD, multi-omics, biomarkers, molecular subtypes, precision medicine, integrative analysisAbstract
COPD represents a heterogeneous, progressive respiratory disease pathology which is uniquely associated with the persistent presence of airflow restriction, high morbidity and mortality, as well as a wide heterogeneity of underlying molecular and clinical phenotype. The standard diagnostic platforms, such as spirometry, imaging, and symptoms-based assessment, do not often reveal the underlying molecular heterogeneity and early disease pathways which can be targeted in precision interventions. The most recent innovations in the field of multi-omics techniques, such as genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics and other pie-omics layers have been utilized to separate the complicated pathobiology of COPD, to reveal new biomarkers, to characterize mechanistic sub-phenotypes, and to inform personalized therapeutic approaches. This review represents a synthesis of all current knowledge on multi-omics in COPD to question the major findings, technology, strategy of data-integration, underlying difficulties as well as future opportunities. The review highlights: (i) the biological heterogeneity of COPD; (ii) progress in individual omics layers, taking a COPD diagnosis and treatment; (iii) integration approaches and multi-omics research studies which have refined the molecular subtypes and the identification of therapeutic targets; (iv) translational possibilities and limitations; and (v) outlooks on research, such as the application of precision medicine to COPD. Two tables that outline the main omics modalities and exemplary biomarker/target results are presented, and a conceptual framework is suggested to demonstrate how multi-omics has the potential to transform clinical COPD management.
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